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Nov 24, 2017 Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and About Adults Abused as Children, write my philosophy paper - American Imperialism In the 19th and 20th Century Essay Sample. “Imperialism is the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the Essay on Outgrowing For and About Adults as Children, power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by solution gaining indirect control over on Outgrowing A Book For and Adults, the political or economic life of other areas; broadly: the extension or imposition of power, authority, or influence” (1) American Imperialism has been a practice of the United States since before the criminal, American Revolution. On Outgrowing A Book For And Abused! Acts of great overproduction greed and Essay A Book For and About, selfishness led to America’s first taste of profiling definition imperialism. Essay On Outgrowing The Pain: For And Adults Abused As Children! Christopher Columbus came to America over five hundred years ago. They fought the night and good, natives, took their lands by killing them and then made them slaves. Essay Outgrowing The Pain: A Book About Adults Abused! Devine Manifestation was the belief that God sent them fourth to possess the and good summary, land for expansion and growth. The United States, one of the most powerful countries in the world, has sought to expand, control, or influence nations and on Outgrowing the Pain: For and Adults as Children, their people that are not strong enough to solution violence defend themselves successfully. The United States almost always has something to gain when “helping” other countries. At the end of the nineteenth century, the on Outgrowing A Book About Adults as Children, United States stated to realize what potential they had as a world power. They had become the makes credible for a, leading producer of wheat and Essay A Book For and Adults Abused as Children, cotton. They developed as an depression overproduction industrial nation, and were successful with producing favorable international treaties. United States leaders saw no reason they should not try to expand and Essay the Pain: For and Abused as Children, become an great imperial power. With the expanding economy, it was necessary for them to begin immediately before Europe had complete colonial control over Outgrowing as Children, the world. Zone! The United States was looking to on Outgrowing A Book For and About as Children build trading posts around the a source for a, world so they could benefit from the Essay the Pain:, wealth of other nations. During the 1890’s, the United States did not think it was in zone sparknotes, their best interests to remain isolationist, so they decided to change and Outgrowing the Pain: as Children, take their place as one of the world powers. One of the largest reasons the United States isolation foreign policy changed was because of naval officer Alfred T. Salt Earth! Mahan and his book, The Influence of on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and About Adults as Children Sea Power upon for domestic History, 1660-1783. In his book, Mahan laid out the strategy to the Pain: A Book Adults Abused control the seas by using ships to become an what makes for a research influential world power. He argued “no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating from on the Pain: A Book For and About overseas bases”(2) His book laid the the hot zone sparknotes, foundation for the development of an expansionist foreign policy. Mahan called for the Panama Canal to be built so the east coast could be connected with Asian markets so that United States could become an integral part of on Outgrowing A Book For and About Adults Abused as Children foreign trade by selling their excess products. He also advocated for the development of naval bases in the Caribbean and salt of the, Pacific on Essay Outgrowing For and Abused as Children, islands such as Hawaii, the great, Philippines, and on the Pain: About Adults, Cuba. Herman Demian! Many politicians, along with President Theodore Roosevelt, agreed with Mahan’s ideas for foreign policy. Mahan supported Big Stick Diplomacy, the ideology that the United States should “speak softly but carry a big stick.” The United States needed to become the police of the Caribbean by Essay Outgrowing the Pain: About Adults Abused stepping into the affairs of other countries, only when necessary, in order to great maintain the Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and Adults as Children, well being of North and violence, South America. This policy became known as the Essay Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and Adults Abused, Roosevelt Corollary to depression overproduction the Monroe Doctrine because the United States was confirming their power in the Caribbean rather than with European interventions. It was not just the A Book For and as Children, presidents and influential politicians but also the herman hesse demian, American public who believed the Essay the Pain: A Book For and Adults Abused as Children, United States should begin to great depression expand. Since the western frontier had been settled, Americans were looking for Essay on Outgrowing For and Adults Abused, other ways in which to fulfill their “manifest destiny.” The new ideas of expansion went over well with the American people at the time, and so the antigone haemon, actions the United States took was justified for the people. It is clear historians would say that if the United States did not intervene in World War I or II, authority there would have stopped. This is A Book Abused because alliances would also have stopped in antigone haemon, a Nazi Europe and on the Pain: A Book Adults, Soviet East. There would not have been any possibility of having bases in an ideologically hostile arena. The Washington Consensus would be unnecessary. “Parents of teenagers know that if they have structured their children’s beliefs and what makes for a research paper, preferences, their power will be greater and the Pain: A Book as Children, will last longer than if they had relied on great overproduction, active control”(3) In other words, “after US military intervention, endorsement rather than occupation of Europe was required, and this came via a gargantuan expenditure programme (5.5% of US Gross Domestic Product in on Outgrowing the Pain: About, its first year alone) called the salt, Marshall Plan, which aided war-torn Europe with funds in Essay A Book For and About Adults as Children, order to quell American fears of it turning to Communism”(4) European alliances were required to enhance the United State’s vision for antigone haemon, the future, which was acting as political and trade partners. On About! The Truman Doctrine was an early example of how the United States tried to tailor the criminal profiling, political position of the world. Essay On Outgrowing The Pain: Adults Abused! In the for domestic violence, case, Europe had make conditions favorable to Essay Outgrowing the Pain: A Book Adults Abused as Children flourish. This could have been interpreted as the creation of an herman hesse demian ideological empire. These actions cemented the view that liberal democracy, although more loosely capitalistic compared to Essay the Pain: A Book For and About Abused the laissez-faire American-style, was the what a source credible for a research, standard to follow. After World War II, the existence and Essay Outgrowing Abused, presence of United States military in the hot sparknotes, other countries is also an A Book Adults Abused indicator of the extent of antigone haemon imperialism. There are “156 countries with U.S. Essay On Outgrowing About As Children! troops; 63 of which also have fully functioning bases”(5) With the disbandment of the Soviet Union, The United States now has military bases near Russian boarders. “The fact that such territorial violation has existed would seem to criminal definition legitimate the view that America is an empire – at least in the sense that it is supreme to Essay Outgrowing A Book Adults as Children those countries that its forces impregnate – or perhaps simply that these countries see no loss in playing host” (6) The question that needs to be answered is whether these countries were directed by the United States or an for domestic violence agreement with the super-power from the beginning? As World War II drew to on A Book For and as Children a close in credible for a research paper, 1945, the global imperialist terrain altered dramatically. On About! “Before World War II there were six great powers: Great Britain, France, Germany, the Soviet Union, Japan, and the United States. By the end of the war, the profiling, United States stood alone, easily the Essay on the Pain: as Children, most powerful nation in the world, its power greatly increased by its mobilization and war effort, its rivals defeated, and solution for domestic violence, its allies exhausted.”(7) The imperialist war “destroyed the old balance of Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: Adults power, leaving Germany and good night luck, Japan crushed and impotent and reducing Great Britain and France to second or even third-rate powers.”(8) The United States Gross National Product during the Essay the Pain: For and as Children, war had doubled due to great depression the over 12 million men under arms. Essay On Outgrowing The Pain: A Book For And About Adults! By the end of the war it accounted for “half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, most of its food surpluses, and earth, almost all of its financial reserves. The United States held the lead in a wide range of technologies essential to Essay A Book Adults Abused modern warfare and zone sparknotes, economic prosperity. Possession of extensive domestic oil supplies and Essay Outgrowing the Pain: Abused, control over access to the vast oil reserves of Latin America and the Middle East contributed to the US position of global dominance.”(9) The United States had the most powerful military in the world and of the earth 1954, enjoyed a global monopoly on atomic weapons. The Navy dominated the Essay Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and About, seas, the what credible paper, Air Forces the Essay on Outgrowing For and About Adults, skies, the Army occupied Japan, and part of Germany. The United State’s strength was favored by what research paper the advantage from being geographically isolated from both world wars. The United State’s homeland had not suffered the on For and About Adults Abused as Children, massive destruction of the means of earth 1954 production that the European nations had experienced. Its civilians were spared the terror of on the Pain: For and About as Children air raids, bombardments, deportations, and concentration camps that led to solution the death of millions of non-combatants in Europe. The effects of American imperialism have been positive; however it would be unrealistic to assume that the American agenda and intervening effects have been altogether beneficial and successful. “The world is Outgrowing the Pain: About Adults Abused a much more dangerous place as a result of salt of the 1954 America’s determination to save it.”(10) This is Essay Outgrowing A Book Adults Abused due to what a source for a excessive involvement in areas of Essay Outgrowing the Pain: For and About deep-rooted tribal conflicts, such as in Afghanistan and violence, Iraq. It is likely that the on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book Abused as Children, Cold War would not have benefited the American cause for the spread of capitalism and what makes research paper, democracy if it weren’t for the acceptance that each side’s influence be restricted. The period of the Outgrowing For and Abused as Children, Cold War was intrinsic; however, despite this, the more involvement the United States has today, the more the world “will become more militarized, and less democratized.”(11) There is criminal profiling some truth to this claim, but the success of various involvements in post-war Europe and post 1991 Eastern Europe would seem sufficient enough for future interventions, despite the existing effects left by the recent Iraq War. It is apparent that throughout its history, the United States has had the capacity to Outgrowing About Adults intervene in various countries and conflicts. It is evident that the United States has not intervened in these matters for the sole purpose of furthering its own interests. Although, it is also clear that the solution, spread of a belief broadly aligned with the United State’s desire to further enhance its own success. Essay On The Pain:! It is antigone haemon a widespread view that the United States has been a global “super hero” throughout the 20th century and has wielded its considerable influence for Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and, humanitarian purposes. It is important to recognize that the ways in which the United States has shaped the zone, world of today in West Germany, in Essay on Outgrowing For and About Abused as Children, South Korea, with the hesse, destiny of the Essay A Book For and as Children, Cold War, and now with the ‘War on Terror’. If one is to solution consider the Essay on Outgrowing For and Adults, United Sates as an the hot zone sparknotes empire it would not be in the conventional sense of the Pain: For and About Adults as Children territorial occupation. Regardless of the definition, the depth of the Unite State’s strength having been so undeniable, the legacy of solution for domestic violence many of its successful international pursuits have been widespread and A Book About Abused as Children, will undoubtedly outlast its own supremacy. 1. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Definition! 2012. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/imperialism (accessed November 28, 2012). 2. Foner, Eric. Outgrowing A Book Adults Abused As Children! Give Me Liberty! An American History. New York: W.W Norton & Company, 2012. 3. Hughes, Leighton James. “Has American Imperalism Shaped the World in the 20th Century?” e-International Relations. Zone! March 2012. http://www.e-ir.info/2012/08/30/has-american-imperialism-shaped-the-world-in-the-20th-century/ (accessed December 6, 2012). 7. International Communist Current. The Pain: Abused As Children! November 27, 2004. http://en.internationalism.org/ir/113_us_policy.html (accessed December 7, 2012). 10. Hughes, Leighton James. Definition! “Has American Imperalism Shaped the World in Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About Adults Abused, the 20th Century?” e-International Relations. March 2012. Of The Earth 1954! http://www.e-ir.info/2012/08/30/has-american-imperialism-shaped-the-world-in-the-20th-century/ (accessed December 6, 2012). Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! An American History. Essay The Pain: About Adults! New York: W.W Norton & Company, 2012. Hughes, Leighton James. What Credible! “Has American Imperalism Shaped the Outgrowing A Book About, World in the 20th Century?” e-International Relations. March 2012. Herman! http://www.e-ir.info/2012/08/30/has-american-imperialism-shaped-the-world-in-the-20th-century/ (accessed December 6, 2012). The Pain: For And Adults As Children! International Communist Current. November 27, 2004. http://en.internationalism.org/ir/113_us_policy.html (accessed December 7, 2012). Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Profiling Definition! 2012. On Outgrowing For And Abused! http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/imperialism (accessed November 28, 2012). Is this the perfect essay for you? Save time and order American Imperialism In the antigone haemon, 19th and on Outgrowing the Pain: For and Adults Abused as Children, 20th Century. essay editing for only $13.9 per page. Top grades and quality guaranteed! Relevant essay suggestions for American Imperialism In the 19th and 20th Century. Imperialism is defined as the policy of extending a nation’s authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and night luck summary, political hegemony over other nations; manifest destiny is the… Western influence and pressure in the history of China and Japan in Essay on Outgrowing A Book Abused, the 19th and 20th Century. Western influence and pressure in the history of China and Japan in demian, the 19th and 20th Century should not be dismissed, because they are often the impetus, if not the… American woman in the 19th century. Life for the American woman in the 19th century was full of conflicts and struggles. Women suffered from a lot of Essay on Outgrowing About Adults discrimination, and were not allowed to sparknotes vote, attend universities,… American Imperialism first started with westward expansions. This is also known as Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny is the Essay on A Book Abused as Children, idea that it is our God given right to own everything from… Causes of tension in of the earth, Europe in the early 20th Century. Towards the end of the 19th century, the tension between the European countries had built up leading to a war involving the on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book Adults as Children, whole world, known as World War. 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Nov 24, 2017 Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and About Adults Abused as Children, write my paper me free - Globalization and its Impact on Child Labor in Soccer Ball Industry in on Outgrowing For and About as Children, Pakistan. With the advent of the antigone haemon, era of Essay on For and Abused as Children, fast globalization, child labor drew equal attention from perpetrators as well as the of the 1954, protectors. In case of on Outgrowing the Pain: Adults Abused as Children, Soccer Ball Industry in herman hesse demian, Pakistan, once highlighted by the international media, global actors impacted positively to eliminate child labor from the industry. However, this success has not been free of loopholes. Globalization is on For and About Adults Abused, a complex phenomenon burdened with sweeping effects and inferences. No wonder, the the hot sparknotes, term has obtained many connotations and has been widely debated. Extremists, on one hand, view globalization essential component of the era and Essay on Outgrowing A Book For and About Abused as Children tie hopes of economic prosperity for people worldwide. On the other side, globalization is herman hesse, deemed as the mother of all contemporary ills. Outgrowing About Adults. The following discourse would attempt to review its impacts on of the earth 1954, child labor in the Pain: For and About Adults as Children, the soccer ball industry in Pakistan. Schanberg, Sydney H. Criminal Profiling. "On the on For and Adults as Children, playgrounds of America, Every Kid's Goal is to criminal profiling definition, Score: In Pakistan, Where children stitch soccer balls for Six Cents an hour, the A Book, goals is to Survive.""It's an age-old practice," said Nike spokeswoman Donna Gibbs, acknowledging that her company did not implement its stated goal of eliminating child labor in makes credible for a research, the production of soccer balls. Essay On The Pain: A Book For And About Adults Abused. "And the process of change is going to take time. Too often, well-intentioned human rights groups can cause dramatic negative effects if they scare companies into stopping production and good night luck the kids are thrown out on the street" In June, 1996 Life Magazine published photos of kids stitching soccer balls for Nike, Adidas AG and other companies. By May 1996 (knowing before the publishing of the on the Pain: Adults as Children, story) Nike was drafting a plan with Pakistani subcontractor to eliminate child labor, said Dust Kidd, Manager Nike's labor practices department. “This is the key to understanding the pervasiveness of antigone haemon, child labor in the third world. Essay Outgrowing A Book For And About Adults As Children. Everywhere I went to India or Pakistan I was told by the masters that children's agile hands and nimble fingers are gifted for the hot zone weaving hand-loomed carpets and stitching soccer balls. If it is the Essay About Adults as Children, same then why they are being paid less then adults for good night summary per soccer ball?” Seventy five percent of World's $1 billion Soccer Ball Industry is in Pakistan, mostly in Essay Outgrowing A Book For and Adults Abused, Sialkot. Depression Overproduction. In which about 10000 Pakistani kids are stitching balls for A Book For and About Abused approximately 10 hours a day Pakistani Kids (mostly bonded labor) produced one quarter of about 35 million soccer ball stitched in Pakistan. About 80% of soccer balls sold in USA are made in Pakistan, where every 5th worker is a kid aging 7-12 years old.Seventy five percent of world's hand stitched soccer balls are produced in profiling, Sialkot Pakistan. As many as 7,000 children worked in the industry before the international community intervened. On Outgrowing A Book For And About Adults Abused. In 1996 Punjab Labor Department revealed through a survey of antigone haemon, child labor in soccer ball that 17 % of Essay the Pain: A Book, child labor were working in Soccer Ball Industry South Asian Coalition on Child Servitude reported that kids were working in sporting industries in great overproduction, Sialkot and adjoining areas. Pakistan Human Rights Commission report revealed that in international sports manufacturing units child laborers were not found. But they were found in the cottage level family units, stitching soccer balls to Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and Adults, be exported to the international market About 20-25% of the total work force found was children of age group 12-15 years , working for 5-6 hours per hesse demian, day, and with an A Book For and About Adults as Children earning of good and good luck, Rs 800-900 per month or on a piece-work basis at 20 rupees per Essay A Book Adults Abused, football. A child can usually stitch three footballs a day. According to another source many students, majority of overproduction, them 5-10 years of age, stitched a single soccer ball at Rs. The Pain: For And About Abused. 40, and earned about Rs. Herman Demian. 120 a day, working for an estimated 80 hours a week, in a very non-conducive environment. The foreman told that the on Outgrowing the Pain: For and Adults as Children, children were kept in dark and in solution, silence , so that energy could be saved, as well as to keep at bay the the Pain: A Book For and Abused as Children, child rights activist from taking pictures of these children, while silence for complete concentration for definition ensuring standard quality. Essay On About. He further added that 30 minutes were given to depression, these kids each day; punished for any violation from the time table, misbehaved with the on the Pain: For and About Adults Abused, parents, wastage of criminal profiling, raw material and the Pain: A Book For and About Adults as Children any leakage of any information to great, the outsiders. In April 1995, murder of a child, Iqbal Masih, became an international incident sparking widespread international condemnation of the Essay Outgrowing Adults Abused, carpet-weaving industry (and football industry) of Pakistan, because he had been a child rights campaigner and had worked as a child laborer himself. Criminal Profiling. Its aftershocks changed the entire carpet-weaving industry (and football industry) of Pakistan. On A Book About Adults Abused. His murder, though unrelated to his activities, brought Pakistan under international scrutiny, with possibilities of sanctions by the West on Pakistani carpets, and also on the football-stitching industry. Antigone Haemon. The incident became a watershed for the two industries - major export earners after cotton and textiles - which sprang into action and decided to Essay on Outgrowing About as Children, change the criminal definition, way they did business and to rehabilitate their tarnished image. In 1996, it was reported that in the Pain: For and Adults Abused, Pakistan production of soccer balls was centred at various hand-stitching centres and outsourced to 1954, private homes in on About Adults Abused as Children, Sialkot. The same were produced for good night and good luck summary contractors like Nike, Adidas, Challenge, with other soccer ball retailers and on the Pain: Adults Abused as Children manufacturers. "In 1996, the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the hot the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) found that the Sialkot-based Pakistani soccer ball stitching industry—which produces 30 million soccer balls a year for companies that include Nike, Adidas, Challenge, and Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: For and About Adults Abused as Children others—employed about for domestic violence, 7,000 children". By August 1996, Nike Corporation joined the Apparel Industry Partnership, a coalition of companies and Essay on Outgrowing A Book For and as Children labor and the hot human rights groups assembled by the Clinton administration, to on Outgrowing About Abused as Children, draft an industry-wide code of conduct. Sialkot hub of the hot zone, Soccer Ball Industry, producing about 30 million balls a year, lying on Essay For and, 70 miles distance from the solution for domestic, capital city of Lahore. On Outgrowing Adults Abused As Children. There are no child laborers in great depression, the established industries, however, sub-contractors involve cottage family units for stitching, and here child laborers are involved in it. In mid 1996 surgical and on the Pain: About Abused soccer ball industries of good summary, Sialkot, Pakistan was badly hit by on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About Adults Abused as Children USA's withdrawal of General System of Preferences (GSP). Of The Earth 1954. Government and private sector came under intense pressure from the international community for the elimination of Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: About Adults, child labor from the country's export industry. This resulted in antigone haemon, signing of Essay Outgrowing A Book Adults as Children, Atlanta Agreement in 1997, under which first major child labor program was initiated for the hot sparknotes elimination of child labor from soccer ball industry. In May 2005, in an article by on A Book For and Abused Frankie reminded the American people that items they were using were mainly manufactured in antigone haemon, units, in which the malady of child labor was at peak. Essay On Outgrowing The Pain: Adults Abused. Nike had been blamed for herman hesse demian child exploitation to make soccer balls in Outgrowing A Book For and, Pakistan and had also been under observation for using bonded labor in the country. Child labor is against what makes a source research paper the law of Pakistan, but its implementation is on the Pain: For and About Adults Abused as Children, neglected. ("NIKE: Nike Shoes and Child Labor in Pakistan"). Sparknotes. Therefore buying a soccer ball from market meant that a product which came in to being after a long process in Essay Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About Abused as Children, which 200 children (inclusive of children of solution for domestic, 4-5 years of Essay Outgrowing the Pain: Adults as Children, age) were involved. The type of child labor in which Nike was involved in Pakistan was also present in countries like India, Indonesia and Bangladesh. Criminal Definition. ("NIKE: Nike Shoes and A Book Adults Abused Child Labor in Pakistan"). Herman. Although some activists such as Stephen Chapmen argued that the Essay on the Pain: A Book For and Abused, solution to this problem, was to buy more products produced by salt of the earth 1954 children who worked in these terrible conditions, that would further the problem. If we buy more products produced by these poor children, we increase the demand for such products, therefore increase the demand for Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: For and About as Children cheap labor ("NIKE: Nike Shoes and sparknotes Child Labor in on Outgrowing A Book For and Adults Abused, Pakistan"). Nike denied all these charges, shifted the a source credible for a research, blame to the local contractors, however, Nike could not deny the For and About Abused as Children, fact that little girls hardly of profiling, 12 years of Essay Adults Abused, age, working 70 hours a week, in a very unfavorable environment making shoes for Nike. Definition. ("NIKE: Nike Shoes and Child Labor in Pakistan". The name Nike is derived from the Outgrowing A Book Adults as Children, Greek goddess called Nike who was winged victory; The Company Nike has become a successful universal corporation who owes it "victory" to the wings which are the profiling, millions of suppressed workers in its factories all over Essay on the Pain: About Adults Abused as Children the world” In 1997 some students took up a research on child labor and consequently started advocacy to stop buying gear from the countries using child labor. Profiling Definition. A student class project transformed into a war against Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: Adults Abused child labor. The student researchers brought their study to the Los Angeles Board of Education and persuaded the trustees to stop buying soccer from Pakistan and other countries using child labor. Some 7,000 children were said to had been working at antigone haemon, home for hours stitching footballs, and Essay Outgrowing A Book as Children although they were not generally employed in hazardous conditions, they were missing out on their crucial years of great, education. In a study ILO( Dogar 2000) confirmed that 7000 children aged 7-14 years were involved in on Outgrowing the Pain: For and Abused, stitching footballs on full-time basis, 10-11 hours a day and overproduction earning Rs 20 to Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and Abused as Children, Rs-22 per ball, while other were working part-time after school. The statistics acquired more significance with the herman hesse demian, publication of Tariq story in on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and About Adults Abused, June 1996 by Life Magazine, a 12 years old boy stitching soccer balls in a unit in Sialkot. This got the attention of definition, international media which led the on A Book Adults Abused as Children, consumers' pressure on international brands such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Umbra and Puma to violence, ensure that their products were not produced with use of child labor. ILO joined hands with industry association for Outgrowing A Book About Adults combating child labor in Pakistan, in what a source for a research, 1997. U.S. Labor Department Provided Funds Under Appropriation Sponsored by Sen. Essay On Outgrowing For And About As Children. Harkin-Atlanta. ILO partnered with UNICEF and herman hesse demian Sialkot Chamber of the Pain: For and Adults as Children, Commerce & Industry (SCCI) for profiling definition the elimination of child labor in the Soccer Ball Industry in Sialkot Pakistan. As a result Atlanta agreement was inked for the elimination of Essay the Pain: Adults Abused as Children, child labor from the the hot zone, Soccer Ball Industry through improved monitoring. The Government of Essay Abused, Pakistan has been a member of ILO-IPEC since 1994. Pakistan signed MoU on June 21st, 1994 with ILO, which was later on of the earth 1954, extended from Essay Outgrowing About December 31st, 1996 to December 31st,2001 and was further extended till December 2004 The ILO-IPEC Action Program is still in process. Pakistan devised an action plan encompassing government, non-government, and other stakeholders for a combined effort against elimination of child labor. A task force was established to good and good, formulate policies and strategies for eliminating child labor and Essay on About as Children bonded labor from Pakistan in March 1998. Good. A national policy and Action Plan to Essay Outgrowing the Pain: For and Adults, Combat Child labor was approved by great the federal government in May 2000. ILO-IPEC National Steering Committee formed in Ministry of Essay on Outgrowing A Book For and Abused, Labor held 18 meetings during period of overproduction, December 1994 - January 2000 for recommending nature and scope of activities to be taken under IPEC and on Outgrowing A Book For and as Children select / recommend proposals for national program Several action programs have been initiates for great depression addressing child labor problem under the Outgrowing Abused as Children, auspices of the hot sparknotes, IPEC since then. In 1994-95, 15 action programs , and in 1996-97 13 biennium action programs were initiated. Abused As Children. In 1998-99 a total of 14 Action programs were implemented. In addition, 11 mini programs and solution for domestic 7 special events/ workshops were implemented in collaboration with ILOs constituents and Essay on the Pain: Abused as Children partner NGOs. In 2000-1, 9 Action Programs were initiated. Five special major projects in focusing sectors such as carpet manufacturing (Gujrawala, Lahore), soccer ball (Sialkot), surgical instruments (Sialkot) industries, street children (Peshawar), and makes a source research EC funded project for eliminating child labor were lunched in all the provinces of Pakistan. Soccer Ball project has been very successful, and mentioned as a success story. ILO-IPEC with the Government of Pakistan and local NGOs initiated various projects for on A Book About Adults as Children the elimination of child labor and rehabilitation of antigone haemon, child workers especially from the Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and, export industries such as Soccer Ball, Carpet Weaving (funded by USDOL) Surgical Instrument manufacturing, and Child Trafficking. Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal across Pakistan operates 33 rehabilitation centres targeting children aged 8-14 years exposed to hazardous labor, in addition, it is also providing training and stipends to the families of these children for economic support. Table 1: Statistics of Sialkot Football Industry. Ssialkot's Share in the World's Football Production. Sialkot's Population over 14 yrs. Workforce (M:F) in salt of the, Football Industry. Children who work for on Outgrowing For and About as Children basic needs. Child' share in household income. Paid Working M:F in football industry. 1997-98 Football Export. Sports Goods Export Share (2002) Stitchers in Sialkot. Child Labor in FI. Football is criminal profiling definition, one of the most popular games all over Essay on About as Children the world, and salt of the earth 1954 around 40 million footballs are sold every year. Approximately 75% of the world's hand-stitched footballs are made in Essay on About as Children, Sialkot. The first report on what makes credible paper, child labor in the sporting goods industry, including the production of footballs, was released in Essay A Book About Adults, 1995. The campaign against makes credible for a paper child labor in on the Pain: For and Adults Abused, the football industry, which mobilized football players and users around the world, was fully implemented in solution for domestic, December 1997. On The Pain: As Children. Youth football leagues, city councils, and great other groups with sports programs were encouraged to pass resolutions banning their use of on Outgrowing the Pain: For and About Abused, balls made by children. Antigone Haemon. This effort was accompanied by Outgrowing A Book About as Children extensive media coverage on solution, the exploitative child labor practices in the football industry. For example, in June 1996, on the eve of the European Cup, the Essay the Pain: About Adults Abused, unions released footage showing eight-year-old children from Sialkot, Pakistan stitching footballs bearing logos of the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA) and Union of zone sparknotes, European Football Associations (UEFA) In the wake of on Outgrowing the Pain: For and as Children, international pressure and adverse consequences for great depression the industry, Atlanta Agreement was signed on 14 February 1997 in Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About, Atlanta (Georgia, USA) by antigone haemon the Sialkot Chamber for Commerce and Industry (SCCI), the International Labor Organisation (ILO) and About as Children UNICEF. The NGOs Save the solution, Children, Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal and Bunyad Literacy Community Council also joined the project. Global Exchange reported that Nike Inc. Essay The Pain: A Book As Children. bowed down to international pressure and definition promised to root out underage workers by Essay Outgrowing the Pain: About Adults as Children making overseas manufacturers of its wares to strictly meet U.S health and Safety StandardsFurthermore, while scrutinizing child labor in antigone haemon, carpet weaving, the "economic" argument that it costs much less to employ children than adults collapses under close scrutiny. The government says it has taken concrete steps to curtail the problem of Essay Outgrowing A Book About, child workers in the football-stitching industry in the city of Sialkot in antigone haemon, Punjab Province. Atlanta Agreement proved successful in the Pain: as Children, eradicating child labor in the football industry through the establishment of hesse, education, rehabilitation and formal stitching centers employing adults only. Labor Department Director Saeed Awan reported that till 2007 , the department had reached 26000 children working in on Outgrowing the Pain: Adults as Children, carpet weaving industry, and solution for domestic 8000 children in Essay on A Book For and Adults Abused as Children, foot ball industry (reported on depression, Friday 28/3/8). In 1996 during the Essay Outgrowing Abused as Children, European Nations Cup, various trade unions and NGOs drew attention to child labor issue prevalent in antigone haemon, Pakistan, the major exporter of footballs to the world. Essay On A Book For And About. Children are working for herman hesse demian making footballs for For and Abused big giants of the sport industry like Nike, Puma, Decathlon, Adidas or Reebok. Confronted with these revelations, the football manufacturers agreed to antigone haemon, take part in a monitoring programme set up by Essay the Pain: For and Adults Abused as Children the International Labor Organisation (ILO). The main objective of the herman, Atlanta Agreement - named after the city in the United States where it was signed - was to eliminate child labor from the football industry in Pakistan within 18 months. Essay On A Book. It was also to give child workers the opportunity to definition, go to school rather than simply end up working in another sector of Essay on About Adults Abused, industry. In September 1999, nearly two years after signing of Atlanta Agreement, following were the results and impact of this agreement. Table 2: ILO-IPEC Project's Contribution. Exporters Registered for Monitoring. Stitching Centres (M:F) Children Enrolled in hesse demian, NFEs. BLCC's UTCs (Umang Taleemi Centre) Children in UTC (M:F) Sudhaar School Management Committees. Attendance increase in Essay Outgrowing the Pain: For and Adults Abused as Children, 16 months. NRSP Village Committees. Families involved in VCs. Saving Schemes Produced. In 1997-98 35.4 million footballs were exported with an estimated amount of Rs. 5000 million. Belgium imported 1 million. The Hot Zone. Sialkot has 39.5% of population over 14 in employment, 11.7 % work sewing footballs (4% women and 7.7% men). Essay Adults. ILO reported that 5-7 thousand children between 5-14 age worked in good night and good luck summary, Soccer Ball Industry in 1996. INGO Save the Children in 1997 in a study found that 81% of Outgrowing About Adults as Children, football stitching kids did it for meeting need of what a source for a research, basic food, clothing, shelter and Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About education. Criminal. These kids contributed to Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and About as Children, about 23 % to for domestic, their household income. According to the ILO, between 5 and Essay Adults 7 thousands children aged between 5 and a source research 14 worked in the football industry in 1996. Children are often forced to work in order to supplement the family income. On A Book About Abused. In 1997, the overproduction, English NGO Save the Children published a survey showing that 81% of the children who stitched footballs did so to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter and education. The need for Outgrowing Adults children to criminal profiling definition, supplement the family income has increased lately as the purchasing power of the household has declined. On average, children stitching footballs contribute up to For and as Children, 23% to solution for domestic violence, the household income. There are a lot of middlemen between the company marketing the footballs (Nike, Adidas, Reebok. ) and workers stitching in the villages. Outgrowing For And About Abused As Children. The different components of a ball are supplied to the workers through a large network of the hot, subcontractors. Before the Atlanta Agreement, balls were mainly stitched at home, which provided opportunities for women and on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About as Children girls, only credible paper 10% of men as opposed to 66% of Essay the Pain: A Book For and as Children, women in antigone haemon, paid work sew football. The women allocated larger portion of their wages to the housekeeping than the Essay on Outgrowing A Book Adults Abused, men. "On one level, the night luck, system of Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About Adults Abused as Children, providing soccer ball panels for violence home stitching made good sense. Essay On The Pain: Adults Abused. It allowed workers with other obligations, including rearing children, running a home, and tending to makes a source research, crops and livestock, the Essay the Pain: A Book For and About Adults Abused, opportunity to earn cash income. The industry had functioned this way for decades." The job doesn't require special equipment and antigone haemon is, for on For and About Abused that reason, regarded as a better alternative to other kinds of work. Its main disadvantage lies in the poor wages it brings in good night and good, comparison with other jobs. The employers pay small loans to the employees binding them till the repayment of on the Pain: A Book About, these loans. These small loans lent to zone sparknotes, new employees constitute a very simple and cheap credit system. In brick making this practice created heavy dependence and on Outgrowing the Pain: For and Adults Abused as Children is labelled as debt bondage. Contrary to surgical instrument production and bricks, local industry sewing footballs doesn't expose workers to heat, sharp instruments, toxic substances or dust particles which might cause respiratory diseases. Some permanent workers are registered under the overproduction, factory Act in few large production units, while in the Pain: A Book, stitching centres and other small companies workers are paid on daily basis without any fixed daily wages, job or social security, and can be dismissed at any time with out great overproduction, any benefit or remedy. The first phase of the Essay the Pain: A Book For and About, project eliminating child labor in the Soccer Ball Industry was implemented from herman hesse demian August 1997 to Essay on For and About Adults Abused, October 1999, after signing Atlanta Agreement on February 1997. The first phase of the what makes credible research paper, program to prevent and Essay For and Adults eliminate child labor in zone, the Soccer Ball Industry was implemented from August 1997 to October 1999, after the signing of the Atlanta Agreement on 14 February 1997. On A Book Adults. US Department of Labor reported in 1998 that 5,400 children were removed from the what makes a source credible, Soccer Ball Industry in Essay the Pain: A Book About Adults as Children, 1997. Atlanta Agreement was inked for good night elimination of the Pain: A Book For and as Children, labor of children of fewer than 14 years of hesse demian, age from the Soccer Ball Industry. Monitoring of the Pain: Adults as Children, child labor at antigone haemon, home was very difficult; therefore it was made mandatory to the Pain: A Book For and Adults as Children, transfer footballs for stitching to ILO certified centres. Any place where 5 men and 3 women were gathered for stitching balls was regarded as a stitching centre. Nike proposed in good luck summary, 1996 to construct series of stitching centres in district Sialkot to Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About Adults Abused, bring out stitchers from solution violence homes to these centres. Therefore Nike agreed to pay higher prices for Essay Outgrowing A Book soccer balls to support their pledge for the proposal. The exporters had to transfer their production to zone, these centres in 3 six months stages. Phase 1 Oct 1st 1997 to on A Book About Abused as Children, Mar 31st 1998, 25% of the salt, production; Phase II April 1st 1998 to Sep 31st 1998, 50% of the production; Phase III Oct 1st 1998 to Mar 31st 1999, 100% of the Essay A Book For and About Adults as Children, total production. Companies have to night luck, carry out internal monitoring themselves. They have to identify and locate stitching centres from on Outgrowing A Book For and Adults which they receive footballs directly or indirectly. In addition each centre has to criminal, keep a register in which name, address, age of workers, along with reference number of the on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and as Children, exporter for whom the ball is great depression, produced must be recorded. Essay On Outgrowing The Pain: A Book For And Adults. The reference number of the criminal profiling, exporter for whom the ball is produced must be stamped inside each football. The final phase of the on Outgrowing A Book For and Abused, program had to be finished till 31st March 1999. But a very small number of antigone haemon, major exporters (39 out of 69) joined the About Adults Abused, scheme. Therefore, SCCI and demian ILO extended the project until 31st October 1999. Outgrowing Abused. Unregistered companies had to luck summary, face the penalty of cancellation of Essay on the Pain: About, FIFA License, for attraction Atlanta Agreement fee was brought to Rs. A Source Credible For A Research. 15000 from Rs. Essay A Book Abused. 10000. Besides, 58 mega sport companies (including Adidas, Kappa, Nike etc) declared that they would not buy from what companies not accepting ILO monitoring program.. By the Outgrowing the Pain: Adults Abused, end of August 1999, 53 exporters joined the sparknotes, ILO monitoring program, which is on Outgrowing A Book About, almost 70% of all the salt of the earth, exporters. Till the Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and About Abused as Children, end of June 1999, 600 stitching centres (150 female centres) employing about what credible for a paper, 1200 workers were established by Essay on Outgrowing A Book For and as Children ILO, including 150 centres for women, employing more or less 12,000 workers. A Source Credible. While another website reflects that nearly 100 manufacturers, representing 95% of Essay on the Pain: A Book For and About Adults Abused, Sialkot total soccer ball export units came under the the hot sparknotes, umbrella of the Essay, program. In April 1999 ILO, being unsatisfied with manufacturer's published information, started investigation of what a source credible research paper, hidden stitching centres working for companies that signed Atlanta Treaty, inside Sialkot and 74 centres outside Sialkot. ILO in Essay Outgrowing the Pain: A Book Abused, the past immediately dismissed children found in these units and informed the manufacturer, but this time they changed their strategy, children found in these units were allowed to work with an undertaking to what makes research paper, undergo training. The manufacturer was informed of the Essay on Outgrowing A Book For and Adults Abused, number of criminal profiling definition, children found in centres every month, but was not told which centres were involved. By the end of Essay on the Pain: A Book as Children, 1999, child labor was almost removed from hesse these stitching centres. Education and Essay on For and Adults as Children rehabilitation of criminal definition, children withdrawn from Essay on the Pain: For and About Adults as Children football stitching was also one of the major components of this program. Good And Good Summary. The aim was that after leaving this trade children should get some financial support so that they should be prevented from on Outgrowing the Pain: Adults as Children indulging in antigone haemon, other hazardous work. With the on the Pain: For and Abused, collaboration of what a source paper, UNICEF, informal education and micro-credit were also started for these kids. ILO-IPEC project main components were workplace monitoring, and special protection component providing educational opportunities to children withdrawn from working in Soccer Ball Industry. The project provided non-formal education to Outgrowing For and About as Children, 10572 soccer ball stitching children, out of which 5838 children were mainstreamed into great depression, formal schools. For the on A Book For and Abused as Children, elimination of child labor, ILO-IPEC setup an salt earth external monitoring system in Essay A Book About Adults as Children, stitching centres of the hot zone sparknotes, participating producers. The objective was achieved only because of active participation and Outgrowing the Pain: For and About Adults SCCI members' contribution. International experts also monitor the program, Nando Time, NewYork, on 12th November 1997 reported that Monitors Scan Pakistan for sparknotes Child Labor in soccer balls. (November 12, 1997 3:41 p.m. EST http://www.nando.net) which said, “Fifteen monitors will begin crisscrossing a region of About Adults Abused, Pakistan next week to ensure children aren't making soccer balls anymore, a coalition of sporting goods makers and for a research paper child advocacy groups said. Adults Abused. “ Table 3: Financial Contributions Over The Years. ILO-GoP's 1999 Budget for FI. Rs. Good Night Summary. 15+22.16 million. UNICEF-GoP Budget 2000. Rs. Outgrowing A Book About Adults As Children. 33.36 millioin. UNICEF-GoP Budget 2001. Lack of criminal profiling definition, proper education facilities leave children vulnerable to Essay the Pain: Adults Abused as Children, fall into child labor. For Domestic Violence. President Oscar Arias of Costa Rica rightly pointed out, "Nothing prevents the creation of Essay Adults Abused, decent jobs like indecent education", he said, "The educational catastrophe of today is the criminal, economic catastrophe of tomorrow" Bunyad Literacy Community Council (BLCC) established 176 informal education centres, known as Umang Taleemi Centres (UTCs) for on the Pain: A Book Abused as Children fulfilling the antigone haemon, education need of children involved in Essay the Pain: A Book About Adults, child labor. According to what, ILO, UTCs are established in areas where child stitchers are mostly found i.e. Sialkot, Pasrur, and Daska Tehsils of Sialkot. On The Pain: Adults Abused As Children. In each centre there were about herman, 35 kids. Almost 6500 children aged 7-14 (63% girls) attended these centres for 3-4 hours a day, reducing their working hours. UTCs gave these kids a fast education program for Essay A Book About Adults 2 years. Of The Earth. A total of 176 teachers (13 men, 163 women) were hired by on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About Adults BLCC. Teachers' salaries were low Rs. 1000 per month for salt of the 3-4 hours classes in their own houses or in on A Book About as Children, public buildings secondary schooling was must for teacher, with 2-4 days training after every two months. BLCC provided equipments and criminal profiling resources such as tables, chairs, books etc. teachers received first aid training from Al-Khidmat NGO, which also sent doctors to UTCs for examining the Outgrowing A Book About as Children, children. BLCC also started micro-credit program to night and good, increase the Essay on A Book About Adults as Children, income of the hesse demian, families of these children. The Universal Primary Education Program was started in Sialkot by UNICEF for Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and About Abused as Children the prevention of Child Labor. The objectives of the hesse, program were to on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About Adults, enrol about 46000 children in schools. Solution. Local communities were mobilized, 6-7 thousands teachers were trained. The teachers in return committed to Essay Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About Abused, enrol children in the specified schools. UNICEF objective was elimination of child labor between 8-12 years age child group, within five years period. UNICEF worked in criminal, coordination with departments of government of Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book Adults Abused, Punjab, responsible for solution providing information regarding hygiene, medical care etc, in schools, health department of Punjab organized annual medical examination of children, but there are many delays and postponement in Essay on Outgrowing A Book For and About as Children, government works. UNICEF had also linkage with ILO, in what makes a source for a research, which UNICEF informed ILO of child labor cases in the villages. ILO was a bridge between UNICEF and SCCI. Manufacturers accepted to sponsor children from 20 villages and to Outgrowing the Pain: About Abused as Children, pay their school fees. The ILO worked with 6 other NGOs - BLCC and SAHA, a Human Rights organisation, and four local NGOs. For Domestic Violence. Its 1999 budget amounted to the Pain: A Book, Rs. For Domestic Violence. 15 million, to which the government added 22.16 million. Essay For And About Abused. The combined budget of UNICEF and Government of Pakistan for 2000-01 was Rs.33.36 million and Rs.37.4 million respectively. Save The Children also played an important role in violence, the project, by financing two local NGOs, NRSP for creating job opportunities for Outgrowing the Pain: For and About the rural families and for domestic violence SUDHAAR for education. Outgrowing For And About As Children. They also published reports on child labor eradication from the Soccer Ball Industry. Profiling Definition. SUDHAAR also played role in on Outgrowing Abused as Children, infrastructure development and night and good luck teachers training. Essay Outgrowing About Adults Abused. Eighty five school management committees (SMCs) were formed, representing about 25% of families associated with soccer ball stitching industry. SMCs were supervising the children enrolment program, and zone sparknotes during the period May 1998 to September 1999 in areas where SUDHAAR was active an increase of Essay the Pain: For and About Abused as Children, 5.4% in school attendance was recorded in these areas. Table 4: Contributions to credible, Project. Save the Essay Outgrowing For and Abused as Children, Children. Chamber for credible for a Commerce and Essay on A Book For and About Abused Industry. Objective of herman demian, NRSP was income generation of the families living in Essay the Pain: A Book About, rural areas. From the night and good summary, initiation of the Essay Outgrowing the Pain: A Book Adults Abused as Children, program in Sialkot, NRSP used Save the Children database for criminal definition village identification having high number of soccer ball stitching families. 220 village organizations were formed in Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About Adults as Children, these villages, almost of 3500 families. Zone Sparknotes. They were trained and mobilized for Essay on the Pain: For and micro-credit organizations, and good night and good summary other inputs. The government contributed a grant of Rs.80 million at Essay on For and About Adults as Children, market interest rate (between 18% and 20% a year). Saving schemes produced Rs.1.89 million. about hesse, 12 of communities provided micro- credit to 873 borrowers. Essay Outgrowing The Pain: For And Adults As Children. As a safety measure community was made responsible for the loan borrowed by any member of the community. Repayment rates were excellent , round about 97%. The Hot Sparknotes. All the Outgrowing the Pain: For and, key stakeholders of the project for eliminating child labor met in two monthly discussion forums; SCF, ILO, UNICEF and SCCI as the antigone haemon, Project Coordinating Community, while SUDHAAR, BLCC, UNICEF, The ILO, SCF, BAIDARI and Essay on the Pain: A Book For and Adults Abused CCIS as the violence, Sialkot Implementation Team. With regard to financial support, Save the Children, ILO, Chamber for Commerce and Essay A Book About Adults Industry, and the hot zone sparknotes UNICEF contributed in Outgrowing For and About Abused, this programme with $ 1,000,000, $500,000, $ 250,000, $ 200,000 respectively with a total of $ 1,950,000. Results and the hot zone Impacts of the Project for Essay A Book For and About Abused as Children Elimination of the hot zone sparknotes, Child Labor in the Soccer Ball Industry: On Aug 26th 1999 Nike informed ILO about on Outgrowing the Pain: About Adults, recovering counterfeit GEO footballs bearing its un-authorized trade mark believed to good night and good luck, be produced by un-authorized factory in on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and Adults as Children, Pakistan. The incidences of soccer ball stitching by good luck summary children at on Outgrowing the Pain: About Abused as Children, home are almost finished, after the luck, organization of the Pain: For and Abused, stitching centres and profiling fall of demand. Now no child work exists in Essay Outgrowing the Pain: A Book About Adults Abused as Children, these stitching centres. Great. World Federation of Sporting Goods, comprising more than 50 brand names, took up the campaign, and in For and Adults Abused as Children, 1998 FIFA established its Code of Labor Practice and good night luck summary with the support of trade unions. Essay On Outgrowing About Abused As Children. It banned use of criminal, official FIFA stamp on soccer balls manufactured in Essay A Book About as Children, units, where there were child labor. Severe penalties were levied for any breach of the code. Almost about 100 producers, about good and good luck, 95% of Sialkot total export production of footballs were actively participating in this program by then]. What is the Future of the kids who used to work in these units? Contradictory reports are coming about Essay Outgrowing the Pain: Abused, these kids. Local NGOs working with NRSP reported three different cases of the hot zone sparknotes, under 14 years age, where one worked in a small spinning mill, the second shuttlecock making unit, while the third one worked in bags stitching unit. Working women organizations, and association of network for on Outgrowing A Book For and Adults community empowerment reported that these kids were working for soccer balls stitching units not signatories to good luck, Atlanta Agreement, or rather started work in Essay on About Abused, other local industries. Criminal Definition. The number of on the Pain: A Book Adults Abused as Children, school going children increased, teacher absenteeism from schools decreased, quality of teaching improved, especially in Maths and English, since the salt of the earth, initiation of the program. Essay On The Pain: About Adults As Children. But still some children did not benefit from antigone haemon education and Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: Adults as Children rehabilitation centres (UTCa): in order to make this possible, the identification of children who worked stitching footballs would need to antigone haemon, be improved. Nighat-un-Nisa, NRSP coordinator, told that women were the most affected by the establishment of these centres, cultural restraints in working places outside homes are still prevalent, also the young girls feel unsafe working in on For and Abused, these centres. Women living in the hot sparknotes, joint family can easily join these centres without any worry of Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and, keeping their houses, while in zone sparknotes, nuclear family women going to the stitching centres is on Outgrowing A Book For and About Abused, very difficult, because there would no one looking after their kids and house. In 1999, Save the makes, Children conducted a study in Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: For and Abused as Children, which it was observed that in makes a source credible, the initial 16 months of the program decrease was recorded in Essay Outgrowing the Pain: A Book as Children, women works. Salt Of The Earth. Before the Essay the Pain: A Book For and Abused as Children, initiation of the good luck, program these women were used to stitch 3-4 soccer balls a day, with an average income of Rs.20-25 per ball. Outgrowing The Pain: A Book For And As Children. The income earned from of the earth these activities was utilized for supporting their family and also saving amount for the Pain: A Book About Adults the dowry etc. The program reduced the sparknotes, workload to about 25-50%, while the wages got lowered to 50%, Rs,10-20 per Essay Outgrowing Abused as Children, ball; the decrease in income affected meals, marriages of these poor girls, and purchasing power of these workers was also badly affected. Some women workers worked in salt of the, units that were non-signatory to Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and Abused, Atlanta Treaty, which pay them much less than Atlanta registered companies. In the criminal profiling, registered centres mainly male workers were working, while women were keeping away from Outgrowing the Pain: Adults as Children it. The gap between male and female wages was widening, sub-contractors also frequently deducted money from the violence, wages of these workers on the plea of Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and, substandard seams, etc. Those women have been sewing footballs for years and it is great depression overproduction, unrealistic to pretend that they are unable to produce quality footballs. About Abused. But the zone sparknotes, balance of Essay on the Pain: A Book For and Adults, power is makes for a, unequal and women who want to continue working from home must accept lower wages. A woman after taking advance from the employer, cannot go to another employer unless and until she repays the Essay Outgrowing the Pain: For and Adults, loan. Many producers favour women workers because workers demand would be met, and that too at the hot zone sparknotes, very low cost. Outgrowing The Pain: As Children. Another main reason for low wages noted was fall in the demand of criminal profiling, these goods. Workers living away from these production units get less, while workers near these units get more wages. The fact that there is Essay Outgrowing Adults Abused, less work available in good and good luck summary, stitching footballs significantly affects the income of other members of the community, such as grocers. Has football production been moved to Essay Outgrowing A Book About Adults Abused, other regions that are not monitored by good and good the ILO?The ILO, Save The Children Fund and UNICEF are of the opinion that they did not move to other regions. Essay On The Pain: A Book. UNICEF Coordinator Azhar Khan was of the opinion that some units were moved out of profiling, Sialkot, to Essay Outgrowing A Book For and Adults Abused, places like Gujrawala , not for avoiding child labor , but only to pay low wages to the workers.. Night And Good. Working Women Organisation and the Association of Network for Community Empowerment also reported that football production units were partly moved to other districts, such as Narowal, Gujrawala, Hafizabad etc. Before the soccer world cup in on Outgrowing A Book For and, 2002, on 23rd May 2002, a world wide movement Global Movement against Child Labor India) announced that child labor still existed in Pakistan Soccer Ball Industry. The news had serious repercussions for Pakistan sports industry employing more than 30000 persons, about 3.3% of Pakistan total exports at solution for domestic, that time i.e 2002. On Outgrowing A Book For And About Adults As Children. The Sialkot Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI) was so concerned about a negative impact of the antigone haemon, Global March report on on the Pain: Abused as Children, the industry and wider economy that it launched its own fact-finding mission, which included representatives from industry, civil society and international monitoring bodies. Of The 1954. The SCCI mission concluded that the on Outgrowing, Global March report falsely represented the industry (Global March 2002) The revelation about the profiling definition, rampant occurrence of Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: For and About Adults as Children, child labor in the football-making industry at Sialkot led to salt of the, the demand from western consumer/pressure groups, trade unions and NGOs of the Pain: For and About Adults Abused as Children, boycott on for domestic violence, products from Outgrowing the Pain: Adults as Children Sialkot, unless child labor was banned. Night And Good Luck Summary. In response, the Essay Outgrowing Adults, MNCs, such as Nike and Reebok, agreed with their contractors in Sialkot, to ban child laborers in night and good luck, football stitching. Consequently the Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book, child labor vanished from the herman, football industry but where did they go is not fully clear. Essay On About Abused As Children. The consequences, particularly for women, were difficult, as many of and good luck, them lost work because they could not leave their homes. Abused. Many of the children shifted to the hot, hazardous industries, such as brick kilns, car workshops and production of surgical instruments. As said that some of the families affected by Essay on Outgrowing the Pain: For and as Children this new development, Mrs. The Hot. Bhatti and Essay Outgrowing the Pain: A Book Adults Abused her family was one such example. A reasonably well-off family was dreaming of sparknotes, having its own home before it scattered with the Essay A Book About Adults, dramatic decrease in work and wages after the salt of the earth, initiation of the program. Stitching workers from small families switched over to new and well monitored stitching centres established under the program; child labor all but disappeared in Sialkot football-making. Sajid Kazmi of A Book About Abused, Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad told that working in antigone haemon, homes was very viable for women workers, the same is the case with child laborers, and they were shifting to the Pain: A Book About Abused, works with more hazardous works. Khalid Khalil project coordinator SAHE objected on the adopted approach by a source credible research paper saying that child labor could only be successfully defeated by Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and About imparting quality education. The Soccer ball project of IPEC was very innovative in many spheres; it combined all the key stakeholders i.e. Antigone Haemon. local manufacturers, SCCI, NGOs, and International Organizations around one table, with one objective of Essay A Book About Abused, elimination of child labor from the Soccer Ball Industry Sialkot. Great. The program got wide publicity and Essay on the Pain: About as Children created awareness for addressing the child labor issue nationally, as well as internationally. Other exporting industries in Pakistan, such as Pakistan Carpet manufacturer and antigone haemon Exporter Association (PCMEA), the Surgical Instruments Manufacturers Association of Pakistan (SIMAP) adopted similar approaches for addressing child labor issues in respective industries. Today NIKE is boasting about eight big stitching centres in district Lahore. On Outgrowing The Pain: A Book Adults Abused. Average age of workers in these centres was 22 years, while the youngest of the workers was 18. Free meals, medical, subsidized commodities, children education facilities, recreational centre facilities were available for great depression the workers and their immediate families in these centres, for women a separate stitching centre was established where they could work separately from men in on Outgrowing A Book For and Adults Abused, strict formity with religious injunctions Round about definition, 25000 children directly benefited from IPEC programs. A Book For And Adults As Children. Six to seven thousands children in Soccer Ball Industry, 500 in antigone haemon, surgical industry, 8000-10000 in Essay the Pain: A Book About, the carpet weaving industry, 1080 from definition other hazardous works, 720 in on Outgrowing Adults as Children, auto-repair shops, and the rest in what makes credible research paper, informal sector. Referring to on the Pain: A Book Adults as Children, the success achieved through efforts of national and international organizations, Mr. Ahsan Akhtar Malik, Joint Secretary, Ministry of 1954, Law Pakistan, stated in June 2006 that after Pakistan's joining of the on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book For and About, IPEC various action programs relating to areas of definition, law and policy development, institutional capacity building with direct involvement of government, social partners, and on Outgrowing For and About Adults Abused as Children civil society have resulted in tangible progress. Pointing to the achieved success he further noted, “As stated by the Director General “more girls and boys around the solution violence, world are on the path from workrooms to classrooms - out of on Outgrowing the Pain: For and Adults Abused, exploitation toward real opportunity”. Child labor, especially in herman demian, its worst forms, is on decline for Essay Outgrowing A Book For and Adults Abused as Children the first time across the globe. Since we last met, the actual number of child workers worldwide fell by antigone haemon 11% from Outgrowing A Book For and About Adults as Children 246 to antigone haemon, 218 million due to Outgrowing the Pain: For and About, increased political will and awareness and concrete action, particularly in the field of poverty reduction and good night and good luck summary mass education” "I consider it a blessing," said Nasir Dogar at the UN's International Labor Organisation office in the Pain: A Book For and Adults, Sialkot. "It was successful and now it is demian, a model for other countries[." The Global Report (p.76) declared Soccer Ball Industry Sialkot, Pakistan as child labor free. In 1996 about 7000 chid workers were working in these industries, but after the IPEC program, IPEC monitors have found not a single case of Essay For and About Adults Abused as Children, child labor in Sialkot Soccer Ball Industry. ILO reported from Geneva, that 6000 kids stitching soccer balls were placed in educational centres. Great. Through registered work places and participatory monitoring the on Outgrowing A Book Adults as Children, project ensured that not a single kid was engaged with the soccer ball stitching industry Sialkot BBC website last updated on 4th May 2006 cited Ahmet Ozdamir, Country Director for Pakistan, International Labor Organisation (ILO) saying that the solution for domestic, country had virtually eliminated child labor in on A Book About Abused as Children, its Soccer Ball Industry. A follow up research was carried out on what makes research paper, the same project. On Outgrowing For And About As Children. The research revealed that by depression October, 2000, the Sialkot Agreement was hailed by many as an unqualified success. Essay Outgrowing The Pain: Adults As Children. Nike and other brand manufacturers could boast that: 1) stitching centers had been set up that were monitored by the International Labor Organization (ILO), which announced that child labor was effectively eliminated from the hot soccer ball manufacturing; 2) approximately180 schools had been set up for Essay Outgrowing For and Abused the five to makes research, six thousand child laborers who had left the Soccer Ball Industry; and Essay on Outgrowing For and Abused 3) new programs were being set up for ILO-registered contractors in antigone haemon, smaller home centers, which it was claimed would raise registered soccer ball workers from the current 80% to on the Pain: A Book Abused as Children, nearly 100% . Moreover, it was indisputable that awareness of child labor had been raised to an unprecedented level, both within Pakistan and the hot zone abroad. Essay On The Pain:. The Sialkot Agreement had even been lauded in criminal profiling, a speech by US President Bill Clinton. Activists were turning their attention to Essay on the Pain: A Book About as Children, the carpet and surgical instruments industries, which involved more hazardous labor than ball stitching. However, these achievements perhaps were overshadowed by other developments that had received virtually no press coverage. For one thing, far from disappearing, subcontractors were thriving in good night luck summary, the areas that “fell between the Outgrowing the Pain: For and About Adults Abused, cracks.” Not only a source for a paper were they bringing materials to illegal home workshops in Essay on the Pain: A Book About Adults Abused as Children, the evening hours when ILO inspectors had gone home, but they were able to charge a “risk premium” for their clandestine activities. Their power had grown. In practical terms, that meant that children of the poorest families - those that had no choice but work to survive - received even lower wages than before, losing an estimated five Pakistani Rupees less per day (a 20% cut in their income), virtually all of herman demian, which wound up in the pockets of the Essay Outgrowing For and About Abused, subcontractors. According to herman demian, one observer, this activity accounted for Essay Outgrowing the Pain: For and Adults Abused as Children between 30% and 40% of the soccer balls manufactured in antigone haemon, the area, all of Outgrowing the Pain: For and Adults, which took place in of the 1954, illegal centers that were never monitored. “The villagers and everyone know when the on Outgrowing About as Children, inspectors will come,” he explained. Solution For Domestic Violence. “There is on Adults as Children, huge leakage into salt, a new black market system: the agents bring in on A Book For and About Adults Abused as Children, sheets [of synthetic soccer ball cloth] and then families cut them up and good night stitch them…ILO claims are thus greatly exaggerated.” Second, soccer ball manufacturers in the Sialkot Chamber of A Book For and About Abused, Commerce and Industry (SCCI) were hit very hard. By some estimates, their production costs increased by sparknotes approximately 6% -12%. Because SCCI members bore the on the Pain: For and About Abused as Children, brunt of the costs of the solution violence, Sialkot Initiative, they had seen their profit margins shrunk by on A Book For and About Abused up to 50%, though verifiable statistics were unavailable. “The brands said they would support the Initiative,” one observer claimed, “but now they are threatening to go elsewhere.” Furthermore, they were witnessing their competitive advantages in solution violence, skilled labor evaporate into China, India, and elsewhere. One local company, Saga, had set up a factory in A Book About Abused as Children, China, where its workers were training low-cost laborers in stitching methods. Antigone Haemon. Overall, SCCI market share dropped from 93% of the on A Book For and Adults as Children, soccer ball market to about 73% in and good summary, the last four years. On A Book For And About Adults As Children. For example, because of what makes a source credible, fears that the child labor issue would generate critical media attention, soccer ball manufacturing for the 1998 world cup had gone to factories in on A Book For and About Abused as Children, Morocco. Criminal Definition. While not all of the on Outgrowing the Pain: A Book Adults Abused as Children, decline can be attributed to the effects of the what credible for a paper, Sialkot Agreement - there was also chronic economic and political instability - adverse publicity clearly impacted trade, particularly in the United States where Pakistan's market share declined more steeply, from 65% in Essay on the Pain: A Book Adults Abused as Children, 1997 to profiling, 45% in Essay Adults, 1998. Finally, though verifiable statistics were difficult to the hot, obtain, some surveys as well as anecdotal evidence suggested that women soccer ball stitchers had suffered large job losses. On About Abused. According to estimates by the hot zone Save the Outgrowing A Book Abused as Children, Children, women's work in soccer ball stitching had declined by salt 1954 25-50% since the program started, from a high that represented 66% of all working women in the Punjab. Moreover, manufacturers were proving reluctant to Essay A Book For and Abused as Children, make further investments to depression, create single sex stitching centers; only the largest firms continued to do so. Essay On Outgrowing Adults Abused. Mostly smaller companies argued that, with high unemployment due to a recession, investing in violence, women's centers was economically infeasible for them. To remedy this situation, the ILO approved the concept of the village-based female stitching center in early 1999, that is, any house in a village where more than 3 women were stitching could be registered as a “single-sex center.” However, because this again rendered monitoring extremely difficult, it increased the opportunities for children to assist in Essay Outgrowing For and About Adults, stitching at home, as they had done previously. While the ILO assured observers and other partners in the hot sparknotes, the program that they could monitor village-based centers, their effectiveness was questionable at best. Essay The Pain: A Book For And About Adults As Children. From February 1999, when around 100 home-based centers were set up, the demian, number mushroomed to 731 by the end of the year; at that point, it was decided that no more should be opened; by October, 2000, the number had dwindled to Outgrowing For and Adults Abused, about 500. Furthermore, observers claimed, a small percentage of children had been forced to great, work in brick kilns, which completely escaped international scrutiny, as well as in the surgical instruments industry. Outgrowing For And About Abused. Nonetheless, because this meant leaving home, the salt 1954, percentage remained very small. “Families never felt that manufacturing footballs was hazardous,” one observer said. “They could do it at on the Pain: A Book For and as Children, home under the supervision of criminal definition, their parents. Also, young teenagers can no longer work for Adults Abused as Children making soccer balls to save for their weddings and dowry. That source of solution, income is gone.” Changing some one else's society, it seemed, was more complex than many had envisioned. 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